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亦作“禀赋”。谓人所禀受的体性资质。
宋 梅尧臣 《新婚》诗:“幸皆柔淑姿,稟赋诚所获。”《红楼梦》第五五回:“谁知 凤姐 禀赋气血不足,兼年幼不知保养,平时争强斗智,心力日亏。” 徐迟 《牡丹》二:“﹝ 魏紫 ﹞具有艺术的禀赋,是一块可造之材。”
LESTAT: In the old world, they called it the Dark Gift, Louis. And I gave it to you.
列斯达:在旧世界里,他们把这叫黑暗禀赋,路易,我把它给了你。The endowment effect is an irrational preference to keep what you have rather than switch. Better the devil you know and all that.
“禀赋效应”是一种非理性偏好,即珍惜你拥有的东西,而不是去改变它。选择你熟悉的东西。Therefore what is crucial to economic development lies not in the upgrading of industrial structure, but that of factor endowment structure.
所以,经济发展的核心问题,不是产业结构升级,而是要素禀赋结构升级。It has also defined three components of the power: natural endowment, overall output, as well as institutional and technological innovation.
本文也指出权力的三重内涵:自然禀赋、整体产出以及制度与技术创新能力。Your endowments are beyond measure. We all know it, and we never speak of it, and you and I never speak of it.
我们都很清楚,你的禀赋超出常人的衡量标准,我们从不谈论它,你我之间也未曾谈论过。Intellectual property right is not the natural endowment of a country, but being created by human being.
知识产权并非一个国家的天然禀赋,而是人类创造出来的。Countries have different roles in global governance as they vary in terms of natural endowment and development levels.
世界各国自然禀赋、发展水平不同,在全球治理中所能发挥的作用各异。Investigate its reason, above all, do not have resource gift advantage in the producer face of a large amount of produce.
究其原因,首先,在大宗农产品的生产方面不具备资源禀赋优势。The cost of transportation or endowment is one of all sufficient conditions for forming industry clusters.
根据该模型,运输成本或者禀赋只是形成产业集群的所有充分条件中的其中一个;